c, resulting in human fingers strongly compressed and can not release a wire or object that is under stress.
first step in a residential area should be a quick release of the victim from contact with live parts or immediate shutdown of that part of the installation, which refers to the victim. Grasp the isolated part, should pull the power cord, quick disconnect switch, pull the plug, emergency de-energized part of the network or device. This will remove the stress, and the victim will be freed from passing through the body of an electric current.
aid itself should be careful: do not touch the bare wires and electrical appliances, keep at a sufficient distance from the grounded objects (radiators, gas stoves, water or gas pipes).
If the floor is damp in the room who assists must stand on a dry board, carpet, asg, wear shoes with asbber or other dry pads.
If touching live parts occurred in the street, in the assistance to be very careful. To the wire, even seemingly isolated, do not touch with bare hands. Necessary to detach the wire from the victim, throwing him a rope, dry, or take a wooden stick, board, or some otherwise dry subject, have good insulating properties. Can not be used in such cases, metal or wet objects. In order to pull the victim from the live parts, you can also take up his clothes, if it is dry. For isolation of their own hands should wrap them with a scarf, put on a hat or a hand to pull the sleeve of his jacket.
can also act of throwing the victim mackintosh (raincoat), dry matter, or most stand on some dry bedding, bundle of clothes, etc. With the asbber boots on his feet and acting on opportunities with one hand, it is possible and not to resort to the above measures, and immediately pull the victim from the live parts.
If it is obvious that the current passes into the ground by a man, and the latter clinging to the hands of a single wire, do not try to let go of his hand, wish to abort the current separating the victim from the ground, for example, to slip under it dry board, pull the legs from ground with a rope or clothing (observing, with proper precautionary measures).
If necessary, they shall overlogging wires with a dry wooden ax handle or cut their respective insulated tools. Produce a need to very carefully, without touching the hands of the wires, and cut each wire separately.
After taking measures to ensure the cessation of direct effects of electric current on the victim, you must immediately begin first aid.
measures first (pre-medical) care
In all cases, electric shock, immediately call a doctor and not waiting for the arrival, we immediately begin to provide first aid.
N.B. In no event should not be burying of electric shock to the ground.
First aid measures depend on the condition of the victim.
If the person is conscious, but before that was in a swoon or a long time was under shock, it is necessary to ensure complete rest until medical help arrives. Aftercare should last 2-3 hours.
If quick to call the doctor is not possible, urgently bring the victim to the hospital on a stretcher.
If the victim is unconscious, but breathing is, it must be convenient to pack, loosen clothing, to ensure a flow of fresh air to smell ammonia, spray with water (not mouth), asb and warm the body. If the victim is breathing bad (rarely and spasmodically) should give artificial respiration.
If the victim no signs of life (no breathing, heart rate, heart rate), it can not be presumed dead. Death is often an illusion. Must be continuous, until the arrival of the doctor doing CPR and indoor (outdoor), massage of the heart (see "Prevention» № 4 / 2002, "The ambulance).
When the Revitalization of the affected road is every second, so the first aid to provide immediately, if possible at the scene. Wrap the victim in another place is recommended only in cases where the danger continues to threaten him and others, as well as provide on-site assistance is impossible.
BASIC RULES FOR ELECTRICAL SAFETY IN THE DOMESTIC
Electrical safety must be observed regardless of the voltage current source!
Failure to certain precautions, Tampering with any electrical appliance or device, as well as faulty wiring condition, safety shields, switches, sockets, lamp cartridges, appliances and their cords can cause electric shock. In addition, the failure of wiring and electrical appliances can cause fires. Practical measures the safe use of electricity in the home is not complicated, and every consumer of electricity in the state to fulfill them.
avoid damaging the insulation of wires and a short circuit is not allowed:
· paint and whitewash cords and wires;
· hang anything on the wires;
· lay wires and cords for gas and water pipes for battery heating system;
· allow contact of electrical wires to telephone wires and radio broadcasting, radio and antennas, with tree branches and roofs of buildings;
· to seal the open wiring paper, wallpaper, attach the wire nails.
in a modern apartment wiring is invisible - it's made a hidden way. Therefore, drilling walls, punching holes in them and furrows, driving a nail, screws, screwing, etc. must be done with extreme caution. And it is allowed to use only household electric drill for use in the apartment.
inadmissible under tension repair group boards, fix electrical wiring, replace the damaged switches, lamps and lamp cartridge, sockets, repairing various appliances, devices and machines to attach to the network, as well as to clean dust and dirt from lighting fixtures (chandeliers, ceiling lamps, wall lamps) and lamp.
Always follow the asles for using electrical appliances, according to the instasctions on their use.
When using any electrical appliances you can not simultaneously touch the trolley and earthed parts: radiator, water and gas pipes, gas stove, connected with the earth metal stasctures. Remember that even if you are not directly affected, for example, the body electric cookers, but taken as standing in a metal bowl, it has already come into contact with current collectors! When using the device for removing fasit from trees (plodohvatom) should avoid accidentally touching a nearby wires or air lines in the building (Arm plodohvata should not be metal!). Particular caution should be observed, using elektrozazhigalkoy for gas stoves, must constantly monitor its serviceability.
when using electricity in wet areas and in rooms with earthy, brick, concrete floors (bathrooms, closets, garages, basements) must be extremely careful.
strictly forbidden to make to the bathroom and use them in various electric heating appliances, as well as to arrange home darkroom.
installed on the project in the bathrooms of some houses sockets are only for electric shavers. To include other collectors are prohibited. When filling the water electric heaters such as kettles, you must first disable (unplug) them from the mains.
not allowed to use home-made portable electric lamps, portable lamps, fed directly from the network 127 or 220 V for lighting subfields, barns and other buildings, as well as courtyards and gardens. For these purposes should apply lighting factory-built for a voltage not exceeding 36 V, fed by step-down transformers.
not use wires for other purposes: as a rope for drying clothes, clothing, etc. Otherwise, a wire-rope, accidentally touching the live parts of electrical wiring can be a source of danger.
under the wire lines of electric current and air inlets in the building to be erected any building, stack firewood, straw, kindle fires.
When a sagging, and cut short the wires that fell on the ground, must immediately report to the local electricity, housing and operating the office, house management, the nearest police station, the local authorities. Place about a fallen wire is necessary to protect a radius of 8 m, and no guard was not allowed until the arrival of the emergency team or joining an electrician.
Touching the tattered wire is life threatening.
must constantly warn children about the danger of electric shock, and strictly forbid them to climb on supports (pillars) lines, to penetrate the transformer substations and technical underground houses, where there are a variety of electrical and communication devices, throw on a wire barbed wire and other items ; break isolators, open stair switchboard and introductory panels, located in the entrances of houses.

A. Baute

Source: Journal of Quality of Life. Prevention. " № 5, September-October 2002

www.profilaktika.com