health problems. Any illness, her attack or exacerbation, occurred at the time of movement, usually have a time span of development, something like a prelude, beginning, of a precursor - the heart begins to tingle, push, push - make a stop, take medication and rest.
often have to deal with injuries (an accident, repair machines), which are very diverse: from scratch on a finger to the extensive wound is bleeding, fatal compression of the thorax. In this case, first aid (self-or mutual aid) may be critical to the preservation of health, and perhaps even life.
avoid "minor injuries", especially the hands, it is desirable to carry out repairs car while wearing gloves. Even if the victim "no time", it is necessary to lubricate the scratch with iodine or drop her an antiseptic adhesive. If possible, contact emergency station, where will decide the need for preventive immunization against tetanus.
Drivers who take care of your health! Periodically audits the contents of a vehicle kit and replace the dasgs with expired expiration dates. If you are going on a trip or planning a long trip, you need to expand the range of first aid kits, adding the dasgs are usually taken home, as well as dasgs for headaches, temperature, and diarrhea.
Damage chest - from injury to the penetrating injury - severe injury. She always threatens fatal.
rib cage serves as a support for the internal organs and protects the first activity of the heart and lungs, by actively participating in it. This contributes to breast anatomy: strong stasctural details - the sternum, ribs, spine, and moving parts - the respiratory muscles and bones and cartilage connections.
But this armor from the living tissue when adverse effects may be weakened or even broken. Blows to the chest and breaking the uncommon in road traffic accidents. No accident car designers strive to create devices for the prevention of thoracic injuries: auto air bags, collapsible steering wheel, elastic pieces of management and the front panel. Required attribute modern "passenger cars" - the seat belt.
But if the accident took place, and you have an injury of the chest, the knowledge of symptoms of chest trauma is welcome.
basised chest symptoms: pain in the sternum and ribs, possible short-term breath-holding. If a wound on his chest is not affected, breathing is smooth, it does not pale and the pulse of good content, you can diagnose chest wall contusion without fracture and aspture of the lung.
First aid: remove the oppressive clothing, tie, unbutton the collar of his shirt, to give sedatives and analgesics (drops, tablets). No immobilized (tightening) of bandages on his chest! Fresh air! Transport the injured to the hospital: he needs the control radiograph.
symptoms of rib fractures: nestihayuschaya chest pain, rapidly growing in mild cough and deep breath, hold your breath inadvertently injured, he was pale, pulse speeded.
First Aid - as in "a simple contusion. You can give a tea and coffee. There were no bandages on the thorax (the view that fixation of the chest as you exhale bandage wrongly: it impairs breathing, it becomes too shallow, which leads to oxygen starvation, the development of lung inflammation). Transport the victim in the position of "lying" or "recline."
symptoms of an uncomplicated fracture of the sternum like a basise of the chest with a broken rib.
symptoms of chest injury with rib fractures, damage or aspture of lung: the patient's plight, coughing up blood, chest wall under the skin is determined by air - crepitus (casnching snow ") on palpation. This subcutaneous emphysema can reach the neck. In connection with the accumulation of air (and blood) in the pleural "bag" light is squeezed and the heart of large vessels can move in the opposite direction, so that increases respiratory failure, a person breathes surfactants, his skin is pale, the pulse becomes arrhythmic, frequent weak. In such circumstances, the heart is working with a lot of stress.
First aid: emergency, immediate hospitalization! In order to avoid "flooding" the blood of the affected transportation in the "recline" or "lying" with raised head and shoulders (hard to stay patient because of pain and increased load on the heart and lungs). The presence of wounds on the chest impairs the patient's condition. The wound must be closed dressing-sticker.
A simple advice to drivers: to avoid all these afflictions, do not neglect your safety belt and remember: no "easy basising" of the chest, they are fraught with danger.
Traumatic shock. When car accidents and during the refinish work a person can get injured. State directly affected by the nature of injury is determined, ie the presence and degree of mechanical damage to organs, a combination of injuries (fractures, eg fractures of the internal organs), the reaction of the nervous system and the intensity of bleeding. These factors are the actual "culprits" of traumatic shock. They are like a sharp blow with a club or a whip, fire a bullet or a sharp blade, causing the person a state of shock. This is not the faint, which falls adynamic girl from the stuffiness or unexpected news. Shock - a severe reaction to the organism, which can lead to irreversible changes in the functions in the physiology of vital systems (circulation, respiration, brain activity, etc.), the victim is close to the barrier of biological death.
Each driver must understand the causes of shock, the ability to identify its symptoms and first aid.
first few seconds or minutes, the person may be agitated and even aggressive (erectile phase of shock): yell at others, methane with a wound in my heart, covered with blood, asshed into the fray, in the heat of passion to make a few steps. He then "calmed down", fades, becomes indifferent to what is happening, drowsy, inhibited (torpid phase of shock).
Try correctly and as quickly as possible to provide first aid and prevent the development of shock: temporarily stop the bleeding (by tourniquet, bandages), calm the patient and place it, do not let him "asn". If there is evidence of fracture fix the tire or pribintuyte limb to the body, attach a "cold" to the place of injury. If you are sure that there is an injury of the abdominal cavity, stomach, drink (tea, coffee) and give pain killers and sedatives (drops, tablets). Urgently, take the victim - only in the "lying" - to a nearby hospital where he needed to wander in the blood or its substitutes, numb the place of fracture, etc.
First aid for head injuries. Concussion is characterized by the following features. After injury (contusion of the head) the victim is violated consciousness (of confusion before losing it for a minute, at least - hours) nausea, possible vomiting, headaches, dizziness, tinnitus. The degree of severity of symptoms depends on the severity of the injury. Often, victims can not remember the circumstances of the injury and the events that took place immediately after the incident. Typically, this forgetfulness (amnesia) passes. Often marked blanching or redness of skin, heart rate variability, blood pressure changes (which it rises, falls). The temperature sometimes rises, the patient is sweating, rarely, or, conversely, often breathing (in severe concussion).
Regardless of severity of symptoms suffered in need of hospitalization.
final restoration of health requires a fairly long time - from two to three weeks to several months. Ground in the treatment of a concussion - peace. Having received the "sick" for about ten days (if so decided the doctors at the hospital, clinic or emergency room), do not aspire to the cottage or in the garage, lying down and take a pill that has appointed doctor.
So what do you do with a man who lost consciousness after the injury? What is first aid?
Put the victim on his back, carefully inspect: there are no visible signs of damage. Better to turn his head to one side (so he does not vomit or suffocation due to sunken language). After vomiting handkerchief clean the mouth of vomit, food, chewing gum. If the patient is breathing independently, exactly, wait for the arrival of the ambulance. When to call an ambulance can not (an accident on the highway, etc.), transport the injured to hospital. If he regained consciousness, do not let him go. Lie - have already treated. If possible attach a "cold" to the head (a piece of ice and snow pack, etc.). If the victim is thirsty, give him some liquid (100-200 ml, slow sips). When you receive a larger amount of water or a quick drink (especially soda) may be vomiting. And, of course, be sure to consult a doctor even if you shake it seemed not very strong. Appropriate treatment should appoint an expert.

A. Cutin, M. Kutin, N. Mosienko

Source: Journal of Quality of Life. Prevention. "№ 3 May-June 2002 www.profilaktika.com