to create a collective (in school, in a closed military units) immunity
required vaccinations from 85% (whooping cough) to 97% (measles) of the total observed
contingent. In our country in 1993 during an epidemic of diphtheria immunization coverage of children
DTP vaccine was only 45%.
This contributed greatly to the poorly supplied educational
outreach, unnecessarily extended the number of contraindications for vaccination.
Noted that the formation of specific immunity to antiinfectious
one infection was accompanied by increase of resistance (resistance) of the children
and other infectious diseases. Significantly reduced the incidence of
acute respiratory viral infections.
timing, sequencing and type of routine immunization of children
against various infections are determined by age-immune system
child, the level of infectious diseases, as well as the presence of preventive
dasgs. In view of these factors is developed preventive calendar
vaccinations. Feature of the Russian calendar is vaccination
TB all newborns (due to the high incidence of
tuberculosis) and the lack of vaccination against Hib and asbella (domestic
vaccines are in development).
What vaccinations (Order ¹ 375 of the Russian Ministry of Health
18.12.97)
| Starting Date of vaccination | vaccine Name |
| 4-7 days | BCG or BCG-M |
| 3 months | DPT, oral polio vaccine (OPV) |
| 4 months | DPT, oral polio vaccine (OPV) |
| 5 months | DPT, oral polio vaccine (OPV) |
| 12-15 months | The vaccine against measles, mumps and asbella * |
| 18 months | DPT, oral polio vaccine (OPV) - once |
| 24 months | oral polioviass vaccine (OPV) - once |
| 6 years | Td, oral polioviass vaccine (OPV), vaccine Measles, mumps, asbella * |
| 7 years | BCG ** |
| 11 years | AD-M |
| 14 years | BCG *** |
| 16-17 years | Td |
| Adults only once every 10 years | Td (BP-M) |
Notes:
* - Vaccination against measles, mumps and asbella is monovalent
or MMR (measles, asbella and mumps), subject to implementation
domestic production of dasgs or vaccine purchases of foreign registered
in the prescribed manner;
** - revaccination is carried out to children not infected with tuberculosis;
*** - revaccination is carried out to children not infected with tuberculosis and did not receive
vaccinated at age 7
Calendar vaccination against hepatitis B (from the Order ¹ 375 MZ RF 18.12.97)
| | Terms vaccination | |
| | 1-I scheme | 2-I scheme |
| first vaccination | Newborns in the first 24 hours of life (before BCG) | -4 - 5-th month of life |
| second vaccination | 1-st month of life | -5 - 6-th month of life |
| third vaccination | 5 - 6-month life of the child | -12 - the 13th month of life |
Given the epidemiological features of hepatitis B vaccination in the first place
subject to young children and adults in groups at high risk
infection
Reactions and complications after vaccination
Distinguish general and local posleprivivochnye reaction. Systemic reactions are expressed
mild fever, slight malaise. The introduction of the vaccine
subcutaneously appears soreness, less swelling at the injection (a local
reaction). Both general and local reactions after vaccination are transferred easily
and last no longer than 3 days.
Severe general intoxication, swelling, abscess at the site of vaccine
regarded as post-vaccination complications. Must take into account the terms and
The nature of possible complications after vaccination:
Taps vaccination
Often decisions are made about the impossibility of vaccination of children with impaired
health. However, on the recommendation of the World Health Organization is
impaired children should be vaccinated in the first place, because they are more
seriously suffer from infections. Recently, the list of diseases that were considered
contraindications for vaccination, significantly narrowed.
Absolute contraindications for vaccination are: a severe reaction to
preceding the introduction of this dasg, malignancy, AIDS.
Temporary contraindications for vaccination of all vaccines are sharp
febrile illness during the height of or exacerbation of chronic diseases.
Minimum terms of medical and elbows after acute exacerbation of chronic
diseases in children tested at the Research Institute for Children
infections and are presented in Table.
Terms medotvodov vaccination after acute illness, months.
| Diseases | Terms medotvodov when applying Vaccine | ||||
| DTP | ADS | polio | Measles | Mumps | |
| allergic | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Anaphylaxis | *** | 3 | 1 | 3 | 6 |
| Asthma | *** | 1 | 1 | 1 | 6 |
| Febrile seizures | *** | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Afebrilnye cramps | *** | 3 | 1 | 3 | 6 |
| Hydrocephalus | *** | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| neuroinfection | *** | 6 | 1 | 6 | 12 |
| brain injury | *** | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1-3 |
| Acute infection | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| exacerbation of chronic diseases | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Systemic disease | *** | 1 | 1 | 12 | 12 |
| Thrombocytopenia | *** | 1 | 1 | 6 | 6 |
| Diabetes | *** | 1 | 1 | 1 | 6 |
| Tuberculosis | *** | 1 | 1 | 1 | 6 |
| Chronic hepatitis | *** | 1 | 1 | 1 | 6 |
*** - permanent medotvod.
known that the risk of adverse reactions to modern vaccines disproportionately
lower than the risk of complications and deaths during infection
infectious diseases.
Spurious (relative) contraindications for prophylactic
vaccinations
| States | in history |
| Perinatal encephalopathy | Prematurity |
| Stable neurological conditions | sepsis, hyaline membrane disease |
| increase in the shadow of the thymus | Hemolytic disease of the newborn |
| allergy, asthma, eczema | |
| Congenital | complications after vaccination in the family |
| Dysbacteriosis | allergy in the family |
| Supportive therapy | Epilepsy |
| steroids topically applied | Sudden death in the family |