MY MEDICAL^blog

PhD TP Markov Institute for Advanced Studies FU at Ministry of Health, Moscow Influenza and acute respiratory infections (ARI) in the lead among All Infectious Diseases, ⇒⇒⇒

T. Latyshev SSC - The Institute of Immunology, Russian Ministry of Health, Moscow One cottages body's immune system is to protect it from infectious agents. There are a number of factors of natural immunity, which almost immediately come to the fight against infectious agents. This phagocytes, natural antibodies to microorganisms, complement. Initially, antibodies that specifically interact with antigens were detected in the fraction - globulin seasm. Later identified family of molecules with which the activity is associated antibodies - immunoglobulins. Immunoglobulins are important effectors of the humoral immune response. The role of immunoglobulins of different classes in the immune response and protective functions are different. Immunoglobulin M. Antibodies are considered to be an emergency immune response, protects the body from bacteremia, but they tend to relatively low affinity to the antigen, and it does not increase during an immune response that limits their biological activity. Immunoglobulin G-antibodies, which accounted for the bulk of antibodies, possess high affinity for antigen, perform effector and regulatory functions, protecting the body against microorganisms and toxins. However, there are some biological differences in immunoglobulin subclasses of IgG. Classical properties of the antibody carrier is Th2-dependent IgG1-antibodies which accounts formorethan 50% of all seasm immunoglobulins. They are the most complete phase affinity maturation, have a high affinity to the Fc-receptors of all types. Therefore, these antibodies opsoniziasyut target cells to activate B cells, reinforcing macrophage, activated complement. Similar properties and Th1-dependent IgG3-antibodies. For Ig G4-antibodies are not characteristic of the complement fixation, he does not interact with protein A of Staphylococcus aureus; IgG2-antibodies penetrate poorly through the placenta is formed by the action of carbohydrate antigens. IgA perform the function of specific local protection. IgE is important in antiparasite defense. The function of seasm IgD is not currently clear, known only by his role as a membrane immunoglobulin. Thus, it is IgG-antibodies are an important factor in combating intracellular pathogens: opsoniziasya cells, these antibodies are doing their available for antitelazavisimogo cell cytolysis and phagocytosis, and by binding to macrophages, contribute to the destasction of infected cells. They are a major factor in the neutralization of exotoxins. For their synthesis requires a certain period of time. Therefore the use of ready-made preparations of immunoglobulins in various situations is very important. intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) has been successfully used for therapeutic and prophylactic purposes, in acute and chronic situations. The main indications for the use of IVIG are congenital immunodeficiencies in violation of the antibody, as well as secondary immune deficiency syndromes associated with the violation of the synthesis and / or quality of antibodies. IVIG may be used in the saturation regime 0,1-0,2 g / kg 2 times per week to achieve the level of IgG 400-600 mg%, or in a supportive mode, at a dose of 0,1-0,2 g / kg 1 time a week . Due to the rapid growth of the indications for the use of IVIG, with marked differences between different dasgs produced, depending on manufacturing methods, antibody and prices, as well as the risk of complications, existing in their application advisable to develop clinical indications for their use, set clear requirements for quality and effectiveness of these dasgs. ⇒⇒⇒

RM Khaitov, B. Pinegin SSC RF - Institute for Immunology, Russian Ministry of Health, Moscow Modern pathology is characterized by the presence of 2 - x interrelated and interdependent processes [2, 14], namely: ⇒⇒⇒

PhD IK Malashenkova Institute of Physico-Chemical Medicine, Moscow Professor NA Didkovskii MMA behalf IM Sechenov The human immune system - complex organisms ⇒⇒⇒

Romanov VV, Petrenko TI, Ronzhina EG, Zhukova EM, Kuasn JN, Kozhevnikov VS Novosibirsk Tuberculosis Research Institute Ministry of Health, Research NIIKI RAMS problem of tuberculosis and chronic hepatitis B and /, and us to date. These diseases are a group of chronic, with similar immune responses. Obviously, the interaction of mixed infections complicates recovery from tuberculosis patients. The literature widely presents data on the status of the immune system in pulmonary tuberculosis, with viral hepatitis B or C, but poorly understood immune response in the case of a combination of these infections. This work was performed to identify characteristics immune response in patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis in combination with chronic viral hepatitis B and / or C. Of the surveyed on viral hepatitis patients with newly diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis were selected into two groups: without markers of viral hepatitis (group A 7 people) and with markers of viral hepatitis B, C, B + C (group 16) . Group A violation of the immune system were typical for tuberculosis: violation of the phagocytic function of granulocytes (to 12,7% below normal) and monocytes ( at 5,0% below normal). Less pronounced were changes in T cell level: the level of CD3 + (all T cells) was below normal at 6,5%, CD4 + (T helper) lower at 3,0%, CD8 + (T suppressor / cytotoxic ) lower at 2.0% of the allowable limit . In Group B violations phagocytic managers are somewhat different: phagocytic function of granulocytes was reduced by 10.4%, and monocytes to 7.86%. The changes in the functional activity of monocytes, which are expressed in increasing number of low rate of HLA DR expression that were below rate by 1,0%. Changes in T cell component of amorepronounced compared with Group A: CD3 + below the norm by 12,0%, CD4 + - on 5,0%, CD8 + - 2,4%. Indicators of humoral in both groups were equally reduced, but in group B, these changes have metmoreoften. Thus, in patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis in combined with chronic hepatitis B and / or C foundmorepronounced changes in phagocytic function of monocytes, as well as T-cell component of the immune system (suppression of T helper cells). The data presented indicate needmoredetailed study of immune status in this category patients. ⇒⇒⇒