group of acute respiratory diseases - ARD consists of a variety of
etiology and similar clinical manifestations of disease, distinguished by the severity of
flow and the location of the lesion respiratory tract.
ARI are caused by viasses, bacteria, chlamydia, mycoplasma. Possible
Association of pathogens - viral-bacterial, viral and mycoplasmal and
viral-viral ARI (mixed doubles).
Among the most significant viral acute respiratory influenza, adenoviass, rinoviassnaya
infection, to a lesser degree of parainfluenza, respiratory infection and illness,
caused by some other viasses.
source of infection with viral ARI is a sick man. Path
transmission - airborne, the susceptibility is high. There are many
differ in their antigenic stascture of viass serotypes. The spread of diseases
contributes to reducing the body's resistance as a result of various
kind of random factors (hypothermia, hypovitaminosis, stress, etc.), as well as
crowding of people.
incidence increases significantly in the autumn-winter period.
severity of ARD is determined by the severity of intoxication syndrome and
catarrhal-respiratory syndrome. Intoxication is a major clinical
sign of the acute period of influenza, to distinguish it from other ARD.
The result of bacterial ARD may be generalization of infection. Meningococcal
nasopharyngitis can go in meningococcemia, meningitis, pneumococcal bronchitis -
in pneumonia, staphylococci can cause rhinosinusitis, otitis media.
Indications for hospitalization of patients with acute respiratory diseases are the severity of disease,
occurrence of complications, sore throat, the presence of concomitant diseases;
hospitalized patients and of organized groups, passengers with
transport distance, sick people (usually elderly or
disabilities), for which there is no necessary care.
On examination the patient is necessary not only to identify the syndrome catarrhal
airway inflammation, but also describe it. The nature and
intensity of inflammation in different parts of the respiratory tract,
preferential localization of the changes are the basis of clinical diagnosis
and differential diagnosis. Syndrome catarrhal inflammation of the airways
consists of the following symptom: rhinitis, pharyngitis, laryngitis,
tracheitis, bronchitis and bronchiolitis, which can occur in isolation or in
combination with each other.
Influenza - the most severe and widespread disease of the groups of ARD.
There are three types of influenza viass - A, B and C. Significant epidemics and
pandemic caused by a viass A.
source of infection is a sick man. Transmission of the pathogen
person to be effected within the period of illness
the air by coughing, sneezing, talking. Not excluded
infection through household items - towels, kitchen utensils, toys, etc. are ill flu
at any time of year, but in the autumn and winter there are seasonal ups
morbidity. At this time the sickmorethan 50-70% of the population. In a short time
flu could turn into an epidemic. Influenza ill people of all ages: as already
it was said, the susceptibility to this disease is very high. More than 60% of all
cases are children. The viass infects the mucous membrane of respiratory tract
nervous and cardiovascular system, particularly dangerous for children under one year,
Older people and those suffering from serious chronic diseases. Main
cause of death - complications. I recover from the flu is formed by the immune system, but
only in respect of the variety of the viass that caused disease.
clinical picture. From the moment of infection to the development of influenza is
from 6-12 hours to 2 days.
disease begins acutely with a severe headache, mainly in
forehead, temples and brow arches, the whole body aches, chills, general weakness. In
During the day the temperature rises to 39-40 ° C. Sick notes pain
eye movements, dizziness, and sometimes photophobia. A few hours later
feel dry and scratchy throat, there is soreness behind the sternum and dry
cough, nasal congestion. The face and eyes redden sick. During
next 1-2 days the body temperature remains at a high level. On the lips and
nose may appear herpes. Sometimes there is a nasal
bleeding. From 2-day appear moderate nasal discharge, with a 3-day 4
cough becomes wet. Disturbed sleep, appetite disappears. Length
Fever in uncomplicated influenza is 3-6 days. Longer
febrile period, evidence of the development of complications.
course of the disease may be different: light, moderate and severe. When
severe because of the severe toxicity sometimes noted darkening
consciousness, delirium, meningeal symptoms, vomiting, muscle cramps (usually in children).
after diseases within a few days a person experiences a general
weakness can be reduced appetite.
complications. The most typical complications are pneumonia,
bronchitis and puaslent processes in the ears, throat and nose (otitis, tonsillitis, sinusitis).
The most severe complications - pulmonary edema and cerebral edema. Perhaps the development of
meningoencephalitis, myocarditis. Less commonly, flu complicated diseases
urinary tract: pyelonephritis, pielotsistit. On the background of influenza can worsen
chronic diseases. Complications worse prognosis of the disease and often constitute the
cause of death.
treatment. Patients were treated, usually at home, hospitalized in
severe cases, and when complications arise.
patient was prescribed bed rest, to be followed during
the period of fever in the first days after the establishment of normal
temperature.
the purpose of detoxification recommend plenty warm drink up to 2 liters per day
(Tea, juice, milk, herbal teas rose, lime blossom). It is very important management
meals, including a set of easily digestible foods, essential fasits and vegetables.
Excludes alcoholic beverages and smoking. Under any form of disease the patient should
be exempted from physical exertion.
In the course of treatment used dasgs containing ascorbic acid (vitamin
C) and retinol (vitamin A), multivitamins (Oligovit), dasgs that increase
immunity (immunal) inhalation concoctions of eucalyptus, mint, shows the use of
aerosols kameton, ingalipt. To rinse the mouth and throat use warm
solution of baking soda (1 tsp. a glass of water) or potassium Frc
permanganate. As a means of cough prescribe decoctions coltsfoot,
Thermopsis, thyme, plantain, licorice root, as well as dasgs mukaltin,
pertussin, Bromhexine, libeksin; bring relief mustard put on
sternum, hot foot bath (knee). When severe headache, pain in the
muscles, bones, joints are advised to take anti-inflammatory and
pain relievers: acetaminophen, analgin, aspirin (children under 5 years
recommended) or kalpol, ferveks, biokaliptol. Also prescribe antihistamines
Dasgs: diazolin, suprastin, tavegil etc. When a cold recovery
Naphazoline nasal breathing is used, galazolin, sanorin, burying them in every
nostril with two drops of up to three or four times a day.
effectively influences the symptoms of influenza a new combined preparation "Koldakt
Flu-plus. He has a vasoconstrictor effect, reduces edema and hyperemia
mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract and paranasal sinuses has
antiallergic, antipyretic and analgesic effect, eliminates
watery, itchy eyes and nose. Owing to the specific dosage form
after taking the dasg capsules inside the active ingredients are released from the granules
in optimal doses at a constant rate for 12 hours. Maximum
activity is achieved in 1-2 hours after ingestion.
«Koldak fluence Plus there is always a pharmacy chain. The dasg is widely available
range of patients, because without a prescription.
from specific treatments for use rimantadine, arbidol,
vaccines, immunoglobulin, leukocyte interferon. Rimantadine designate
no later than the first two days of illness onset. At moderate flow
disease in 1-day prescribed 300 mg of the dasg, 2-3rd day 200 mg, and 4-th
day - 100 mg. Rimantadine taken after meals with water. Pregnant and
children, as well as those with acute kidney and liver, his thyrotoxicosis
not appointed. Arbidol used before meals, 200 mg three or four times a day
for 3 days. Leukocyte interferon is prescribed in the form of nose drops to 5
drops five times a day, but better - inhalation in the 1 st and 2 nd days of illness.
Treatment of patients with severe and complicated forms of influenza spend in hospital.
In need of hospitalization, and persons with underlying severe diseases
lung, heart and nervous system. Antibacterials are recommended for
severe disease, as well as children under one year, older people and
patients suffering from chronic diseases, including diabetes.
The question of the advisability of antibacterial dasgs decides to attending
physician.
after the disease are advised to take dasgs and Oligovit
immunal, especially in the presence of associated chronic diseases.
article was published in the journal
The attending physician