Within a few hours
PCR of a fragment of the DNA molecule can be obtainedmorethan 100 billion
identical molekul.Takim way, you can explore the genetic material
present in tiny amounts. The principle of this reaction is simple and
theoretically for its execution need only test tube several chemicals and
heat source. The preparation of DNA to be copied, can be pure,
and can be a very complex mixture of biological substances. As
suitable source of DNA and tissue biopsy patient, and a single human hair,
and a drop of dried blood found at the crime scene, and the brain and even a mummy
the body of a mammoth, lain 40 000 years in the permafrost.
analysis of genetic material
Especially useful for medical diagnostics and PCR provides for this new
prospects. PCR - a method of molecular diagnostics, has become for many diseases
"Gold standard" test of time and thoroughly tested clinically.
What can the PCR?
The main medical application of this method - Diagnostics
infections, and hereditary zabolevaniy.PTsR offers a tasly fantastic
analysis capabilities of the human genome - the identification of defective genes that determine
hereditary predisposition to zabolevaniyam.Vmeste so interesting and
Detection of genes, which carry information about useful priznakah.Naprimer, genes
reduce the risk of neoplastic degeneration of tissues and genes, much
reduce the likelihood of HIV infektsiey.PTsR also used
genetic identity, determining the extent rodstva.Tolko
results of DNA analysis can finally give an opinion on the reliability of
paternity.
But perhaps the most widely
distribution of PCR has now won as a diagnostic method
various infectious diseases. PCR makes it possible to identify the etiology of infection
even if the sample taken for analysis contained only a few molecules of DNA
pathogen. PCR is widely used for early diagnosis of HIV infection
viral hepatitis, encephalitis, tuberculosis, diseases transmitted
infections, etc. To date, virtually no infectious agent
which could not be detected with PCR.
Everyone knows the duration
procedure, classical methods of bacteriological pathogen isolation
TB: Sometimes the confirmation of the diagnosis may take 5 -6 mesyatsev.Esli
use the PCR method, this period can be shortened to a few
часов.Высокочувствительный analysis conducted immediately after the tick bite will
to answer the question whether there was infected by a viass or tick-borne encephalitis
Lyme disease - methods of prevention and treatment of tick-borne infections are quite
different. This is just the most vivid examples of the benefits of this analysis.
important method is to
monitoring and evaluating the effectiveness of therapy, especially in viral
zabolevaniyah.Opredelenie "viral load", ie number of viral particles in
blood allows for individual selection of doses of antiviral
dasgs. By PCR can detect individual subtypes and strains of viasses and
bacteria with increased resistance to certain dasgs
dasgs.
Speaking of undoubted
progressive meaning of the PCR technique, its indisputable advantages, however,
should be aware and on specific issues its holding. Emergency
sensitivity of the method requires the strict observance of the special technological
regime, a thorough implementation of all stages of analysis in some isolated
zones of the laboratory. Lack of attention to procedural niceties implies
the inevitable contamination of samples and the appearance of false-positive results.
widespread use of
insufficient exhaust tests for diagnosis of urogenital diseases, to
Unfortunately, often leads to incorrect results and unnecessary purpose
expensive treatment, sometimes leaving a lot of side effects. So
a way unfair analysis leads to the undeserved discredit
method.
On the other hand, the PCR method,
like any other diagnostic test antigen is largely dependent on the correctness
collection and transportation of the material. Taken "the wrong place" test
may not contain the pathogen. Particularly demanding in terms of
storage and transport of RNA-containing viasses: HIV, hepatitis C
tick entsefalita.Esli to analysis will bemorethan 6 hours, such
Samples should always be put into deep freeze.
For correct interpretation
results should also be aware that the identification of the pathogen DNA is not always
speaks about his viability as well as direct communication
detection of infectious agents with specific pathological protsessom.Rezultat
PCR greatly increases its informativeness complex examination
patients with additional use of other laboratory (Elisa,
biochemical, etc.) and clinical studies.
article was published on the website
www.comsmg.com