But for all the undeniable merits
This technique is also considerable disadvantages. This - the impact on health
rights. How to protect yourself from the negative effects of
with computers, what are the requirements of science to the organization and the regime
work, what should be a workplace user? It seems
Answers to these questions are interesting for almost all of our readers.
Give a word specialist. Our present companion -
Senior Fellow of the Moscow Research Institute of Hygiene to them. FF Erisman,
MD EA Geltischeva.
- Eugene A., a new technique,
certainly facilitates our operations. And what is its negative
impact on a person?
- Work for video display terminals
(VDT) and personal electronic computers (PC)
gives users a number of uncomfortable conditions. This
- Fatigue, stinging and redness of the eyes, headache,
pain arm muscles and muscles that hold the head and human body in an upright
position, etc. There are several factors that "responsible"
for these effects. VDT and PC are the source of electromagnetic
radiation.
In the room where these machines
changing climate: air temperature rises and falls
its moisture content, decreases the oxygen content increases the number of
ozone breaks down the air ions of air pollution. In addition,
influence and self-image on the screen monitor -
letter size, detail, brightness, hue, and the presence of scintillation
noise, etc. The latter factors may cause adverse reactions
of the visual analyzer and the central nervous system.
- In connection with the foregoing, it is obvious
that there should be certain requirements for the organization
working with computers, which will help maintain the health of users.
Are there any special documents regulating
these requirements?
- Yes, as a result of several studies
hygienic institutions were obtained evidence
of functional changes in the human body when working at the VDT
and PC. These data formed the basis for developing a normative
document. Currently Goskomsanepidnadzor Russia approved
sanitary asles and regulations "Hygienic requirements for video display
terminals, personal computing machinery and organization
of work. "Their purpose - to prevent adverse effects
on the body of harmful factors that accompany the work with the above
technique.
These asles and regulations - a fundamental
document for organizations that are manufactured and exploiting domestic
and import VDT and PC, including manufacturing cathode
tubes, as well as organizations, designing buildings and premises
to work with computers. The document regulates the requirements
to VDT and PC for adult users, for preschool children
children and youth.
- Now, if you can talk
of sections of this document inmoredetail. What, for example, should
be the constasction of VDT and PC?
- All of these products must be hygienic
certificate, including an assessment of visual parameters. Design
VDT shall provide a safe and comfortable reading of information.
Housing products, other components and devices shall be painted
in calm tones with diffuse light scattering, and have a matte
surface. Rules and regulations establish visual ergonometricheskie
VDT parameters and limits of their changes, the admissible values
electromagnetic radiation and X-ray, as well as
requirements for the design features of the keyboard.
- You've mentioned that the work
for VDT and computer depends on the room in which the
production or the educational process, in addition, changes in microclimate
also require a careful approach by the users. That
on this occasion said "Hygienic requirements"?
- Jobs for adults is prohibited
placed in the basement, and for students and
preschool-age children - in basements and cellars.
Industrial and educational institutions should not
border on the premises, the noise level that exceeds the norm.
Sound insulation in buildings must meet hygiene requirements.
In pre-school and all educational institutions, including universities, are prohibited
used for interior decoration of interior spaces with VDT
PC and polymeric materials (chipboard, laminated
Paper plastics, synthetic carpeting, etc.) that produce
harmful chemicals. Surface of the floor in these premises
should have antistatic properties, to be smooth, without
potholes, skid and easy to clean and wet cleaning.
hygienic requirements are
and the microclimate of the premises. If the temperature and relative humidity
Adult users must comply with the applicable
standards, for pre-school and all classrooms optimal
parameters are within 19-21 ° C, and permissible - 18-22
oC, the parameters of relative humidity, respectively - 62-55%
and 39-31%. Draws attention to the systematic airing
premises, which normalizes the chemical composition and air ions
air pollution increases the humidity. To increase the humidity
recommended to use humidifiers or water containers on
type aquariums. In this case, humidifiers should be refilled daily
distilled or boiled water to avoid contamination
air microorganisms.
Failure to comply with the requirements
to microclimate, ion formula regime and chemical composition of air
environment affects the well-being and health
users. Now look at some requirements for natural
and artificial lighting. Standardized illumination of the working
table with a VDT and PC must be within 300-500 lx. Allowed
installation of fixtures of the local lighting to illuminate documents.
In this case, the local coverage as well as the general, should not create
glare on the screen video monitors. Ambient light monitor screen
should not exceed 300 lux.
as light sources in the artificial
lighting should be predominantly used fluorescent lamps
Type LB. The use of fixtures without lenses and screening
lattices are not allowed. Local lighting fixtures should
neprosvechivayuschy have a reflector with a protective angle of not less than 40
degrees, so glowing filament light bulb was not hit
in the field of view. Particular attention should be paid timely
Replace the bulbs and clean light fixtures and window frames are not
at least twice a year.
- How to be organized
workplace?
- It is desirable that the natural light
fell to the left, although permitted, and such placement workplace
when the window openings are located on the right. Windows should be equipped
devices such as blinds, curtains, exterior canopies, et al
Desktop also must meet certain requirements. His
design must ensure optimal placement of its
area of the equipment used. Swivel chair user
must be purchased in such a way that he allowed to change
working posture, as well as a tilt-up.
This will help prevent muscle fatigue
neck-shoulder region and back. Optimal distance between the eyes
to the monitor screen - 600-700 mm, but no closer than 500 mm with the size of
alphanumeric characters and symbols. Failure to observe this parameter
may lead to the rapid development of fatigue and fatigue of the optic
analyzer and with increasing duration of work contribute to
development of myopia. The distance between desktops with video terminals
must be at least 2,0 m and the distance between the lateral surfaces
video monitors - at least 1,2 m. Jobs with VDT and PC in
Halls of computers or in areas with sources
industrial hazards are placed in isolated
cabins with organized breathability.
- Yes, probably, many of the requirements
to work with computers will be a revelation for our readers
even those who have long used this equipment in their operations.
But another important factor in maintaining health is
proper organization of work and rest. Tell us about it
please.
- no small importance of prevention
fatigue has a mode of work and rest. This issue in health
asles and regulations devoted a large section in which the regulated
hygiene requirements, depending on the types of jobs
adult users (work by reading the information from the screen
VDT and PC with a preliminary inquiry, work on putting the information;
creative work in a dialogue with the computer), students and
pre-school children play complex PC based.
Adult established three categories
work depending on the severity and intensity, but also provides
and duration of continuous work, and breaks during the working
day. For teachers of higher and secondary specialized schools,
school teachers set the duration
work in the classroom and display cabinets of Computer
technology is notmorethan 4 hours a day, and for engineers in universities, serving
learning process in classrooms (classrooms) with VDT and PC, the duration
Work should not exceed 6 hours per day. Draws attention
on exercises for the eyes, and holding fizkultminutok fizkultpauz,
help reduce fatigue and increase efficiency.
This section contains examples of such
exercise and their implementation. By working directly in
VDT and PC Only persons that have passed medical examination and without
contraindications. Women since the establishment of pregnancy
and during breastfeeding to carry out all types of work
associated with the use of VDT and PC are not allowed.
Thus, we see that the hygienic
requirements for the organization of work with computers quite a lot.
But their implementation will help to keep the most valuable thing we have
- Our health.
Interviewed AL Shishkov