No one can deny the legitimacy of the desire to get rid of
from the formation of the body, which should not be there. If the ulcer is not cured
or swelling continues to grow, their constant presence at first perceive
as a cause of discomfort and even anxiety, and ultimately as a threat
health.
Surgical intervention in their simplest form, ie Remove unwanted
defect with a knife or other cutting instasment, practice is not
hundreds or thousands of years. And only with the discovery of anesthetics and antiseptics
This approach has become the powerful tool of treatment, which we know now.
Since the end of the last century, the ability to remove even a fairly large tumor was
materially affect the representation of Surgeons for assistance
with cancer. The huge attention given to breast cancer, explained only
cause, namely, that body acts on the body surface, and therefore its
easy to remove. Formulated the idea that cancer develops ordering.
Appearing in the breast, then hits the local lymph glands and
distributed throughout the body. On this basis it was concluded that
if the survey did not detect the spread of tumors,
optimal way of treatment is radical surgery. This
means removing not only the breast, but muscles lie under it
chest wall and all the lymph glands in the armpit. What would be a heavy
nor was such an operation, it is possible to get rid of all the local cancer lesions.
So treated breast cancer throughout the world for half a century.
About 60 years ago, has already voiced doubts about the effect of surgical
intervention on survival. Subsequent analysis showed that its main
the advantage of reducing the probability of local recurrence, and confirmed
its marginal impact on the survival of either no such effect.
Now it is easy to criticize these early surgical experience, but at the time when
there was neither radiotherapy nor pharmacological treatments
it was the only approach that gave some hope of success. If then
it was possible to use modern methods of assessment of treatment in clinical
Test disadvantages of radical surgery would have been recognized much earlier.
But even in this case, replace the surgical approach was practically nothing.
surgery now as science has become muchmorerational. On it is mentioned everywhere
where an assessment of its role in relation to various aspects, each of which
has significant relevance to cancer care. As in all fields
Medicine, Surgery There is nothing immutable. Some new approaches, although very
promising, with careful consideration are unacceptable, other
successfully used for many years until, until they were replaced not come
new achievements. Surgery remains the cornerstone of diagnosis and initial treatment
many solid tumors. It played a role in assessing the extent of damage
in certain types of cancer (staging), the restascturing of the body
to reduce the effects of the disease (reconstasction) and facilitation effects in
Some cancers (palliative care).
Diagnostics
Cancer Diagnosis involves visual exploration of a piece of material from
suspicious for cancer lesion under a microscope, manufactured by a pathologist. Although
In some circumstances, the diagnosis is sufficient cellular smear
of sampling (eg, blood in the case of leukemia, fluid from a cavity
organism or scraping with the accessible surface of cancer lesions), most
cases, we must take a piece of tissue. This may require a special operation
- A biopsy can also explore the fabric of the entire tumor surgically removed
way. Now the diagnosis can excise a sufficient number of
tissue from a fairly deep body sites. This can be done under local anesthesia,
using ultrasound or X-rays to determine the place of defeat
with a high degree of accuracy.
Treatment
Where it is possible to resort to surgery as
complete removal of solid tumors. Prior to this, the surgeon may need to
produce a series of tests to verify the absence of spread of cancer
cells to distant sites, as in this case, a surgical technique not
necessarily the best. If the cancer is localized, the task of the surgeon
- Remove the visible damage and any tissues that may contain cancer cells.
Only if the tumor is exposed, the surgeon can determine how feasible
such an operation. Although the nature of cancer means that the complete removal of tumor
surgically hardly achievable due to surgery
only substantially reduces the amount of damage and weaken the problems that
may then arise. If the tumor is accurately localized and grow slowly,
it can never be revived, that certainly is the main goal
surgical treatment.
staging
By this means the system determine the degree of sprawl defeat
which for various types of cancer varies. These surgeons learned during
operations, and recorded together with the results of other studies and data
pathologist used to assess the severity of the cancer lesion. Lesions vary
from localized to widespread and their score may be useful
both for treatment planning and for forecasting. Now surgery
no longer being made only to determine the stage of disease, but another 10
years ago, opening the abdominal cavity in assisting many individuals with the disease
Hodgkin was normal.
Reconstasction
Modern surgery has comprehensive capabilities, surgical techniques
can be very beneficial to cancer patients in the recovery of any particular
stascture (for example, in case saving limbs, plastic changes
part of the face or create a new bladder), or recreating the look of
(Breast reconstasction after mastectomy). The possibility or desirability of
reconstasction depends on other needed treatments given person,
the results of careful analysis and valuable recommendations.
Palliative Care
need to remove the tumor in a patient with overgrown cancerous lesion
that with increasing discomfort and other complications, is sufficient
reason for surgical intervention. Benefit can also bring radiotherapy
or chemotherapy, but in each case, these methods should be considered separately.
Inappropriate surgery in some situations, when fully removed
cancer is impossible. As an illustrative example is the case,
when bowel function is broken, because of obstacles such as tumor proliferation,
is too large or too disseminated, so that it can be removed
completely.
In this situation, the surgeon can connect not involved in the pathological process
ends of the bowel, which will ensure the passage of food, bypassing the lesion. If
this is impossible, the surgeon can pull the end of the unaffected intestine through the abdominal
wall (colostomy). This method is practiced also in patients who have cancer
tumor is very deep in the gut and, although it can be removed, the remaining
a normal part of the intestine above the rectum is not sufficient to join
her with the upper intestine.
Surgical methods can assist in many types of cancer, and knowledge
methods of their use can greatly contribute to the understanding of the overall
strategy for treating cancer-specific localization.